(4 RC) - This report includes a summary of existing policies on providing healthy environments in schools and kindergartens, an overview of environmental risk factors in schools, information on design, methods and results of selected recently conducted exposure assessment surveys and a summary of pupils’ exposures to major environmental factors, such as selected indoor air pollutants, mold and dampness and poor ventilation in classrooms, sanitation and hygiene problems, smoking and the use of various modes of transportation to school… (WHO, Jan 2015)
(4 RC) - This report includes a summary of existing policies on providing healthy environments in schools and kindergartens, an overview of environmental risk factors in schools, information on design, methods and results of selected recently conducted exposure assessment surveys and a summary of pupils’ exposures to major environmental factors, such as selected indoor air pollutants, mold and dampness and poor ventilation in classrooms, sanitation and hygiene problems, smoking and the use of various modes of transportation to school… (WHO, Jan 2015)
(3 RC) - Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that requires ongoing medical management. Socioeconomic and demographic factors as well as health care use might influence health patterns in urban and rural areas. Persons living in rural areas tend to have less access to health care and health resources and worse health outcomes. Characterizing asthma indicators (i.e., prevalence of current asthma, asthma attacks, emergency department and urgent care center [ED/UCC] visits, and asthma-associated deaths) and determining how asthma exacerbations and health care… (CDC, Sep 2021)
(1 RC) - People are constantly exposed to mold in both indoor and outdoor environments and pinpointing one source of exposure can be difficult to impossible. In fact, exposure may come from multiple sources. The general public and some health care providers who are less familiar with the subject have attributed a burden of disease to mold that is disproportionate with symptoms. This document will attempt to give the practicing clinician a synopsis of the state of the art thinking about indoor mold, damp spaces, and health effects… (CDPH, Dec 2009)
(1 RC) - Asthma has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, affecting millions of people of all ages and races. An average of one out of every 10 school-age children now has asthma, and the percentage of children with asthma is rising more rapidly in preschool-age children than in any other age group. Asthma is a leading cause of school absenteeism due to a chronic condition, accounting for nearly 13 million missed school days per year… (EPA, Aug 2010)
(4 RC) - Broad change in clinical practice depends on the uptake, adoption, and implementation of clinical practice recommendations by primary care providers with input from people who have asthma and their families, as well as support from health care systems. This update can serve as a basis to disseminate and facilitate adoption of the asthma recommendations at all levels and to ensure optimal care and equitable outcomes for all individuals with asthma.… (NHLBI, Dec 2020)
(4 RC) - Broad change in clinical practice depends on the uptake, adoption, and implementation of clinical practice recommendations by primary care providers with input from people who have asthma and their families, as well as support from health care systems. This update can serve as a basis to disseminate and facilitate adoption of the asthma recommendations at all levels and to ensure optimal care and equitable outcomes for all individuals with asthma.… (NHLBI, Dec 2020)
(4 RC) - Broad change in clinical practice depends on the uptake, adoption, and implementation of clinical practice recommendations by primary care providers with input from people who have asthma and their families, as well as support from health care systems. This update can serve as a basis to disseminate and facilitate adoption of the asthma recommendations at all levels and to ensure optimal care and equitable outcomes for all individuals with asthma.… (NHLBI, Dec 2020)
(4 RC) - Broad change in clinical practice depends on the uptake, adoption, and implementation of clinical practice recommendations by primary care providers with input from people who have asthma and their families, as well as support from health care systems. This update can serve as a basis to disseminate and facilitate adoption of the asthma recommendations at all levels and to ensure optimal care and equitable outcomes for all individuals with asthma.… (NHLBI, Dec 2020)
(4 RC) - Environmental factors play a large role in children’s health. According to the World Health Organization, more than 30% of the global burden of disease in children is due to environmental factors. Children’s growth and development are dynamic processes; they can be viewed at the molecular, cellular, organ, and whole-child levels. What determines the nature and severity of environmental factors’ health effects is exposure occurrence within the different developmental stages… (ATSDR, Feb 2012)
(4 RC) - This guidance for safely cleaning, decontaminating, and reoccupying homes after flood events, this document provides a review of the existing literature on the health hazards presented by floods, flood damage, and subsequent cleanup activities and summarizes several guidance documents on strategies for safely returning flooded buildings to habitable conditions. … (US EPA, 2015)
(4 RC) - This guidance for safely cleaning, decontaminating, and reoccupying homes after flood events, this document provides a review of the existing literature on the health hazards presented by floods, flood damage, and subsequent cleanup activities and summarizes several guidance documents on strategies for safely returning flooded buildings to habitable conditions. … (US EPA, 2015)
(4 RC) - Bioaerosols are airborne particles that originate from biological sources including animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Examples of bioaerosols encountered in occupational environments include plant pollen, algae, fungal spores, bacteria such as actinomycetes, droplets produced during coughing and sneezing that may contain bacteria and viruses, dust containing insect excreta, animal dander, and fragments derived from each of these sources. … (NIOSH, Feb 2020)
(3 RC) - The need for aerosol sampling is driven by research or regulatory needs to understand or quantify the properties of airborne particles in the workplace or ambient environments. The property of most common interest is the airborne concentration of particulate mass defined as the aerosol mass per unit volume of air … (NIOSH, Feb 2020)
(1 RC) - These papers discuss thunderstorms as a risk factor for asthma and explore their relationship to pollen allergy. There is evidence that thunderstorms trigger epidemics of exacerbations of asthma during the pollen season by washing down pollen grains and concentrating them in a band of air at ground level…(Thorax/BMJ, 1997)
(1 RC) - This study compares the proportions of PM1 endotoxin and 1-3-beta-D-glucan in homes compared to farms. The study emphasizes the importance of conducting size-selective air sampling for microbial exposure assessment in homes. Personal exposure to microbial biomarkers including gram-negative bacterial endotoxin…(Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2011)
(1 RC) - This paper reviews field studies in which (1-3)-beta-D-Glucan was measured as a marker to characterize the extent of symptoms and measures of inflammation among subjects exposed to indoor mold. Many studies show a relationship between symptoms and a history of dampness or flooding of buildings…(Environmental Health Perspectives, 1999)
(1 RC) - This paper discusses strategies for reducing allergen exposures in the home. Homes cannot be made allergen free, but exposure to the major indoor allergens can be reduced. All reduction recommendations are based on the principle of reducing or isolating the source, certain recommendations can be made on the basis of published evidence…(Johns Hopkins University, 2005)
(4 RC) - This background paper addresses the assessment of all types of hazards that may exist in homes, including biological, chemical, physical, structural, and behavioral. It introduces the reader to methods to assess for health and safety hazards, and discusses widely available visual assessment…(HUD, 2012)
(1 RC) - The use of environmental interventions to treat patients with allergic disorders has long been promoted to reduce morbidity by reducing a patient’s exposure to environmental triggers. It has been studied as a means for prevention and treatment of rhinitis and asthma…(WHO, 2018)
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